Many central
banks in advanced economies have engaged in some form of forward guidance. The
latest to tread this path was the Bank of England, which was preceded by the Reserve
Bank of New Zealand, the Bank of Japan, the Fed, the Norges Bank, the Sveriges
Riksbank, the Czech National Bank, the Bank of Canada and the European Central
Bank. Also the Swiss National Bank has lately, if somewhat implicitly, had
recourse to forward guidance.